Wednesday, April 20, 2011

To investigate any one of the many factors affecting the rate of heat loss of a liquid. My factor: Surface Area

 Reason of Experiment: To investigate any one of the many factors affecting the rate of heat loss of a liquid. My factor: Surface Area

Hypothesis: I hypothesis that if the base surface area of the container is increased, then the rate of cooling would be higher.
This is because: Higher surface area, results in larger area being exposed to the surrounding. The surrounding being cooler or less energised will get energised or absorb heat away quicker from the liquid. Thus the liquid will get cold faster and so rate of cooling will increase. (Provided other factors are kept constant)
Variables in this experiment:
Independent Variables:  The surface area
Manipulation of variable: this is the independent variable for my investigation, which I would vary to find the result. This I would vary by changing the container I would place the liquid in. each of them would have a different base area.
Dependent Variable: The temperature change per minute
Manipulation or the dependent variable: this is the variable of my investigation and this result I would gather by checking the temperature every minute for each container holding the liquid.
Constant Variable:
     1.       Initial temperature:
     Manipulation of the above constant variable: this is one of the factors which affect the rate of cooling down,( for example, if the initial temperature is higher, then the rate of cooling is faster at the starting few minutes). This variable can be kept constant by using the same heated water together at the same time, so the initial temperature is kept constant, or wait till the water cools down to a certain temperature.
     2.       Surrounding temperature:
      Manipulation of the above constant variable: this is also a variable which can affect.(if the surrounding temperature is high then the rate of cooling is slow, as the air molecules are already energised. This can be kept constant by doing the experiment in the same room at the same time or by using a water bath.
    3.       The liquid used:
     Manipulation of the above constant variable: each liquid has its own heat capacity, so the rate of cooling would differ. Using the same liquid is necessary, generally water. Their density also varies, so the heat capacity will vary along with it.
    4.       Flow rate of air(wind speed)
    Manipulation of the above constant variable: if the wind speed is not constant then the rate of un-energized air molecules occurrence would not be constant. For this, there is no external wind used and the air is at rest.
    5.       The total duration of time:
      this variable is the a constant, so that we can compare the data over a fixed duration of time and equally. So a constant time is taken.
Materials/Apparatus
In my experiment I will be using the following materials and apparatus:
  1. 100ml of water of a certain high temperature(less than b. pt. 100oC)
  2. Glass beaker, two different sizes
  3. Glass measuring cylinder, two different sizes
  4. Alcohol-in-glass thermometer
  5. a stop watch
  6. notepad and pencil( for noting the data collected)

Specifications:
Thermometer: Least count: 1oC, Uncertainty value: 0.5 oC
                                Highest fixed point: 110oC
                                Lowest fixed point: -10oC
Beaker: Material: glass, Uncertainty value: 25ml
                 Least count: 50ml
                Lowest fixed point: 50ml
                Highest fixed point: 250ml
Measuring cylinder: glass, Uncertainty value: 2.5 ml
                Least count: 5ml
                L.F.P. : 50 ml
Highest fixed point: 500ml
Stop watch: Colour: yellow
                        Least count: 0.1seond

Procedure:
1)      Then I decided to first start the experiment with the first container as the measuring cylinder.
2)      A lab assistant provided me with the hot water, which I collected in the beaker for measurement of 100ml of water.
3)      I poured it in the measuring cylinder and placed the alcohol-in-glass thermometer.
4)      The alcohol showed a rise till a point of 80oC.
5)      Immediately I switched on the stop watch. For 5 minutes I noted the temperature drop every 30 seconds.
6)      After 5 minutes of experiment I stopped the timer and threw the water. It had decreased and I noted all the changes.
7)      Then I carried the same process for the other measuring cylinder, and the other beakers
8)      For each container, I would repeat the steps 2-6.

Diagram



DATA PROCESSING

OD= 41
53 = Height
55 mm = OD
360 mm = Height
88mm = OD
122mm = Height
AVERAGE

Try1
Try2
Try1
Try2
Try1
Try2
1320.25 mm2
2375.83 mm2
6082.12 mm2
00:00
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
00:30
79
79
78
78
78
78
79
78
78
01:00
77.5
78
75.5
76
75
75
77.75
75.75
75
01:30
76
77
73
75
72
72
76.5
74
72
02:00
75
75.5
72
73.5
70
71
75.25
72.75
70.5
02:30
74
74
71
72
69.5
70
74
71.5
69.75
03:00
73
73.9
70
71
68
68.5
73.45
70.5
68.25
03:30
71.5
72
69
70
67
67
71.75
69.5
67
04:00
71
72
68
69
65.5
65.5
71.5
68.5
65.5
04:30
70
71
67
68
64.5
64
70.5
67.5
64.25
05:00
69
70
66
67
64
63
69.5
66.5
63.5

Surface Area (mm2):
1320.25
Surface Area (mm2):
2375.83
Surface Area (mm2):
6082.12




From the above table and averages, we can construct a graph which looks like:

As per my graph, the lines with higher surface area have a greater fall in temperature, than the one with less surface area. Their decreasing almost linearly, however at one point the blue and green lines curves slightly, which shows some errors, occurred. However, their lines have ended approximately 3 degree difference.
Rate of cooling: final - initial temperature/ total time taken
       1.       For 6082.12 mm2 the rate of cooling: (80 - 69.5)/5 min = 2.1 oC fall per minute
       2.       For 2375.83 mm2 the rate of cooling: (80 - 66.5)/5 min = 2.7 oC fall per minute
       3.       For 1320.25 mm2 the rate of cooling: (80 - 63.5)/5 min = 3.3 oC fall per minute

Conclusion
From the above observations and by recalling my hypothesis, it is clearly proven that my hypothesis is proven correct. My hypothesis states, if the base surface area of the container is increased, then the rate of cooling would be higher. As per my data, the container with 6082.12 mm2 has the rate of cooling of 3.3 oC fall per minute whereas for surface area of 1320.25 mm2 had the rate of cooling is 2.1 oC fall per minute. This proves that there is higher rate of cooling for a larger base than a lower surface are of the base.
Evaluation
The practical investigation, resulted with expected results, and they are quite accurate, however, at one point, there might have been some mistake, due to the fact that each of the average values have ended up to be different by 3 degrees approx. Due to uncertainty, some temperatures, might be approximate and this affected the results slightly. One drawback of the materials, were that one measuring cylinder was used and two beakers. Assuming beakers and the cylinder having same density, still have some varying results, because the base type of the measuring cylinder had some extra glass matter, (for a good base) but the beakers, did not have. This might have affected the rate of cooling. The initial temperatures of the water were not accurately 80 degrees, because the thermometer had a least count of 1 degree, not more. A more drawback is the human responding system, which is not accurate to milliseconds, affecting the results, nominally.  Some of the errors, are uncontrollable, however some of them can be improved if I get to carry the investigation once again.



Please Leave Your Comments And Your Queries/Doubts In The Suggestion Box. Please Provide Some Suggestions About Other Topics Of Essay.

302 comments:

  1. Does this method still apply if you are doing an experiment based on a hypothesis of:

    'The rate at which a container of water cools depends upon the surface area of water exposed to the open air.'

    Or does it change if so can I have some tips?

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. Are you doing ISA's?

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    2. shot out to the mandem on da physics ting, its all real rite about now ya dun know famo

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  2. the aim you described is just a re-framed version of the aim of this experiment so its entirely the same thing. enjoy.

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    Replies
    1. thanks for this it has really helped me

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    2. Thanks that helped me too, Good experiment mine is fairly similar lol good to know i was making an experiment along the right tracks.

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  3. What would you say are the 'risk assessment issues' in this investigation?

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    Replies
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  22. what do u mean by you 'threw the water'?

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. that actually is a type of mistakee. i meant throw the water bath water and it has nothing to do with that step. it means empty the water bath.

      Delete
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  34. This comment has been removed by the author.

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  35. This comment has been removed by the author.

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  67. joe has a large surface area!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

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  69. Knock Knock
    Who's there!
    Hannah!
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    ReplyDelete
  70. ajjay scratches his face to death

    ReplyDelete
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    ReplyDelete
  72. IS JOES GIRL A MAN

    ReplyDelete
  73. I am going to dump hannah for a 3 year old

    ReplyDelete
  74. must be or a hobbit slayer

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  75. casewells mum is good in bed......

    ReplyDelete
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    ReplyDelete
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    ReplyDelete
  78. NOW JOE BEEN BLOCKED IS IT TRUE HE HAS A TINY PEEN

    ReplyDelete
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    ReplyDelete
  80. IM BACK AGAIN!!! I IS BIGZ HACKER AND I KNOW WHO YOU ALLZ AREZ AND VIL VAPE VOO AND VOOT VU VIN VY VRISON!!!!

    ReplyDelete
  81. Please stop posting offensive comments on this page. This is being logged and any more offensive posts will be logged as well. The police will be called if this behaviour continues

    ReplyDelete
  82. Thanks this helped me a lot with my ISA in science that we are doing at the moment :)

    ReplyDelete
  83. i love kirstie trecey

    ReplyDelete
  84. i did this experiment and found that my penis grew to a WOPPING 2.5 meters long but after 20 minutes it fell off and it is now in an art museum being viewed to many millions of twats!!!!!!

    ReplyDelete
  85. im my isa at ho,me we have been asked to see how much sex it takes to make a penis fall off :)

    ReplyDelete
  86. well that escalated quickly!

    ReplyDelete
  87. this aint 9gaga guys, so stop posting lame stuff, go to 9gag and post em, and you are bad at 9 gaging and you should feel bad

    ReplyDelete
  88. anuf wid da beef guys, peaceout

    ReplyDelete